Background and Objective: Sound absorption coefficient determination is an important factor in selecting the proper materials to control indoor noise. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the results of sound absorption coefficient of different materials by standing Wave Ratio and transfer function method, as well as developing a regression model in adjusting the provided results. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 46 acoustic materials. In order to measure the absorption coefficient of different materials, two instruments called the impedance tube (model 9410, AvaSina, Iran) and the impedance tube (model SW 260, BSWA, USA) in compliance with ISO 10534-2 in the frequency range of 125 to 2000 Hz were utilized. Results: The obtained results from the regression model revealed that frequency of 500 Hz has the highest correlation (r=0. 968, R2=0. 936), and the lowest correlation coefficient was found at 125 Hz (r=0. 368, R2=0. 136). In addition, the correlation coefficient of NRC was 0. 829. Conclusion: The results showed that the two methods were consistant at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. It can be concluded that the standing Wave Ratio method is a reliable approach in determining sound absorption coefficient of acoustic materials.

In this paper we have studied the effect of magneto-Static field on propagation of thermal Wave generated in metal by pulsed laser. In fact this interaction generate acoustic Wave in different mechanisms. However, always the common mechanism in the interactions of laser pulse and metal is the thermo-elastic Wave geneRation. Applying the suitable magneto-Static field on the surface of interaction of laser pulse and metal can trap the propagation of thermal Wave in thermo-elastic regime. The physical mechanism of trapping and experimental results have investigated in this paper. We obtained maximum reduction in 2D thermal Wave propagation around in simulation and around 5. 3% by metallography.

Objective: The aim of this study is determining the diagnostic value of the T-Wave to R–Wave amplitude Ratio (T/R Ratio) in the electrocardiogram (ECG) at the time of admission in terms of the diagnosis of hyperkalemia in patients who are at risk for hyperkalemia who apply to the emergency department (ED).  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 18 years of age who presented to the ED and have an estimated glomerular filtRation rate (eGFR) below 60ml/min/1.73m2. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the potassium value; hyperkalemia and normokalaemia groups. T/R Ratios were measured on the ECG. All measurements were made in these precordial leads; V2, V3, and VT highest (is defined as precordial lead where the T Wave is measured the highest).  Results: A total of 345 patients with low eGFR were included. Hyperkalemia was detected in 115 (33.3%) of these patients, while 230 patients (66.6%) were in the normokalaemia group. T Wave amplitude and T/R Ratio were found to be statistically significantly increased in the hyperkalemia group in all leads (V2, V3, and VT highest). Area under the curve (AUC) values are 0.778 for T/R Ratio and 0.717 for T Wave amplitude.  Conclusion: The presence of increased T/R Ratio in the ECG of patients with known low eGFR may be more helpful for the diagnosis of hyperkalemia than the classical hyperkalemia ECG findings.

The study deals with amplification of a propagating slow Wave interacting with an annular hollow electron beam in a helix slow Wave structure (SWS). The role of thermal plasma density in a Ratio of the axial pointing flux in the plasma region is also investigated. This Ratio is small for lower plasma densities. The effects of the variations of the hollow electron beam velocity on the normalized growth rate and the poynting flux Ratio at the hybrid mode frequency are presented. The maximum gain is obtained in the frequency of hybrid mode and the poynting flux Ratio reaches its maximum value at the hybrid mode frequency. Also is analyzed the trend of changes for the normalized growth rate for a different beam velocities. The results show that for all beam velocities the maximum growth rate is for hybrid mode frequencies. The numerical method used in this paper is complex transcendental.

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Hand Static Rest Splint on reducing the pain and other compliance of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: In the present clinical trial, 12 patients, aged 35-50 (average: 39 years) with RA, referring to the Occupational Therapy Unit of Taleghani hospital and meeting America College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, were included. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was administered and swelling, tenderness and morning stiffness were assessed. Moreover, assessments of active range of motion using goniometry and grip strength with Jamar dynamometer in both hands were performed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using t-test and Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples and willcoxon tests and paired t-test for paired samples run in SPSS, version 18. The level of significance was set at p˂ 0. 05. Results: The findings showed that the Static Rest Splint led to improvement in the wrist range of motion (flexion p=0/005, extension p=0/03) when the two groups were compared, but it did not have a significant effect on Morning Stiffness (p=1), pain (p=0/1), Swelling (p=0/06), and Tenderness (p=0/2). However, when compared between after and before intervention in hand with splint, pain (p=0/02) and wrist range of motion (p=0/004) improved. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, and since using splints only improve range of motion in the wrist compared between two groups and pain relief before and after the intervention, it seems that using hand Static Rest Splint to reduce other symptoms need further investigation and also given that the use of this position without stress on the tendon can be effective in reducing the causes deformity, further studies are needed to more delineate these points.

Dynamic methods are, nowadays, fast and inexpensive ways of estimating elastic constants in rock engineering. Therefore, In order to get reliable ontputs all effective factors of such methods are to be assessed. One of fundamental factor affecting the test results is the shape or height/diameter (L/D) Ratio of the tested specimen. The existing standards, namely ASTM and ISRM standards imply that, in spite of the great role of the (L/D) Ratio on the Static test results, this Ratio does not play an important role on dynamic test results. With aim of determining the exact role of (L/D) Ratio on Static and dynamic properties of rocks, 3 dynamic and 5 Static tests were conducted on Neka Limestone samples with 6 various (L/D) Ratios of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 (48 sets of tests in all).The data produced through these tests showed that varying (L/D) Ratio from 0.5 to 3 results in ample variation of mechanical parameters in both types of tests. The laboratory produced data indicated that Static tests are affected more by (L/D) Ratio than dynamic ones. It was also concluded that when the value of (L/D) gets close to 3, elastic dynamic parameters reach more or less constant values whereas Static parameters are still in change. These finding show that the effect of sample shape on dynamic properties of rock has not been counted for properly. This importance of this factor has to be recognized. Also, when Static tests are concerned, the previously recommended Ratio of (L/D) has to be further assessed.

Local site conditions have a strong effect on ground response during earthquakes. Two important soil parameters that control the amplification effects of seismic motions by a soil column are the soil hysteretic damping Ratio and shear Wave velocity. This paper presents the results of in situ damping Ratio measurements performed using continuous surface Wave attenuation data at a site in Semnan University campus and analysis used to obtain the near surface soils damping Ratio profile. Once the frequency dependent attenuation coefficients are determined, the shear damping Ratio profile is calculated using an algorithm based on constrained inversion analysis. A computer code is developed to calculate the shear damping Ratio in each soil layer. Comparisons of the in situ shear damping Ratio profile determined from continuous surface Wave with cross hole independent test measurements are also presented. Values of shear damping Ratio, obtained using continuous surface Wave measurements, were less than the measured using cross hole tests, possibly because of the higher frequencies used in cross hole tests.

The study of Wave and its propagation on the water surface is among significant phenomena in designing quay, marine and water structures. Therefore, in order to design structures which are exposed to direct Wave forces, it is necessary to study and simulate water surface height and the Wave forces on the structures body in different boundary conditions. In this study, the propagation of Static sinusoidal Wave in deep water environment with complex boundary conditions are simulated by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. The governing equations are programmed using VISUAL FORTRAN6.5 and the solution results are visualized using TECPLOT. After determining the suitable number of particles for simulation, the duRation of sinusoidal Wave oscillation are measured by simulation and are compared with analytical solution. After ensuring the accuracy and veracity of proposed SPH method in simulation of Static sinusoidal Wave motion on the deep water surface, the simulation are carried out in more complex boundary conditions which there are no analytical solutions.

Charge and spin transport properties of a clean $SNS$ Josephson junction (triplet superconductor-normal metal-triplet superconductor) are studied using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation of Green’s function. Our system consists of two p-Wave superconducting crystals separated by a Copper nano layer. Effects of thickness of normal layer between superconductors on the spin and charge currents are investigated. Also misorientation between triplet superconductors which creates the spin current is another subject of this paper.